Direct2D 几何图形绘制基础-白红宇

Direct2D 几何图形绘制基础

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发布时间：2019-05-11

本文共 5036 字，大约阅读时间需要 16 分钟。

之前说过，D2D主要为了绘制有三种类型的数据：几何图形，图片，文字。这几种对象也叫做资源，资源就是要D2D流水线中要被加工的对象。

几何图形包括：

简单几何图形
- 直线，DrawLine，由起点和终点构成，点用结构体：D2D1_POINT_2F描述。
- 矩形，ID2D1RectangleGeometry，DrawRectangle，由距四条边的距离表示，用结构体：D2D1_RECT_F描述。
- 圆角矩形，ID2D1RoundedRectangleGeometry ，DrawRoundedRectangle，同矩形，用结构体：D2D1_ROUNDED_RECT描述，另外还要加入圆角参数。
- 椭圆，包括圆，ID2D1EllipseGeometry ，DrawEllipse，用结构体：D2D1_ELLIPSE 描述。

路径，ID2D1PathGeometry

组合图形，
- 几何图形组合，ID2D1GeometryGroup
- 变幻几何图形，ID2D1TransformedGeometry

准备绘制：

在开始绘制之前，至少要准备好3样东西：

D2D工厂对象，ID2D1Factory接口。用于创建绘制目标，用方法CreateHwndRenderTarget。

渲染窗口，ID2D1HwndRenderTarget接口。如果是Win32程序就是默认的HWND窗口，如果是商店应用则是一个绘制表面的控件。
渲染窗口同时还负责着绘制几何图形，文字和图片。

画刷，ID2D1SolidColorBrush接口。绘制几何图形时用于指定图形的样式。

绘制区域，如果是win32程序还需要指定渲染窗口中要绘制的区域。

首先要引入头文件和命名空间：

#include "windows.h"#include "D2D1.h"using namespace D2D1;

别忘了加要链接的Lib，要input的lib如下：

d2d1.lib;

dxgi.lib;

dwrite.lib;

dxguid.lib;

windowscodecs.lib;

声明以上4个对象的代码如下：

// Direct2D factory	ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory; 	// Render target	ID2D1HwndRenderTarget* pRenderTarget;	// A black brush, reflect the line color	ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBlackBrush; 	// Render area	RECT rc ;

初始化这些值的代码如下：

//create d2d factory	hr =  D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &pD2DFactory) ;	//create render target (hwnd window)	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);	hr = pD2DFactory->CreateHwndRenderTarget( RenderTargetProperties(), HwndRenderTargetProperties(hWnd, SizeU(rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top)), &pRenderTarget);	//create brush	hr = pRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(ColorF(ColorF::Blue), &pBlackBrush);

然后就可以开始绘制了。笔者使用的程序是win32应用程序，绘制的代码都必须写在WndProc回调函数的case WM_PAINT:之后，并且要将所有绘制代码都包含在pRenderTarget->BeginDraw();和pRenderTarget->EndDraw();之间。例如：

pRenderTarget->BeginDraw();	//clear screen	pRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White));	//draw line with 2 points	D2D1_POINT_2F ptStart = Point2F(0,0);	D2D1_POINT_2F ptEnd = Point2F(100,100);	pRenderTarget->DrawLine(ptStart,ptEnd,pBlackBrush);		//draw rectangle	D2D1_RECT_F rect  = RectF(rc.left + 100.0f, rc.top + 100.0f, rc.right - 100.0f, rc.bottom - 100.0f);	pRenderTarget->DrawRectangle(rect, pBlackBrush);	//draw round rect	D2D1_ROUNDED_RECT roundrect  = RoundedRect(RectF(rc.left + 100.0f, rc.top + 100.0f, rc.right - 100.0f, rc.bottom - 100.0f), 30.0f, 50.0f);	pRenderTarget->DrawRoundedRectangle(roundrect, pBlackBrush, 1.0f);	pRenderTarget->EndDraw();

WM_PAINT是在窗口需要重绘时由系统调用的，所以我们不用主动地去调用它，它们不断地刷新的。

当然了，把代码都积压在WM_PAINT之后也太SB了，最好自己封装一个类，如下：

头文件如下：

#pragma once#include "stdafx.h"#include "windows.h"#include "D2D1.h"using namespace D2D1;class D2DRender{public:	D2DRender(void);	~D2DRender(void);		HRESULT CreateDeviceIndependentResources();	HRESULT CreateDeviceResources(HWND hWnd);	void OnRender();	void DiscardDeviceResources();	void OnResize(UINT width, UINT height);private:	// Direct2D factory	ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory; 	// Render target	ID2D1HwndRenderTarget* pRenderTarget;	// A black brush, reflect the line color	ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBlackBrush; 	// Render area	RECT rc ; 	//result	HRESULT hr;};

实现如下：

#include "stdafx.h"#include "D2DRender.h"D2DRender::D2DRender(){	// Direct2D factory	pD2DFactory = NULL; 	// Render target	pRenderTarget = NULL;	// A black brush, reflect the line color	pBlackBrush = NULL; 	}D2DRender::~D2DRender(){	pD2DFactory->Release();	pRenderTarget->Release();	pBlackBrush->Release();}void D2DRender::DiscardDeviceResources(){	pD2DFactory->Release();	pRenderTarget->Release();	pBlackBrush->Release();}void D2DRender::OnResize(UINT width, UINT height){	if(pRenderTarget)	{		pRenderTarget->Resize(SizeU(width,height));	}}HRESULT D2DRender::CreateDeviceIndependentResources(){	//create d2d factory	hr =  D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &pD2DFactory) ;	return hr;}HRESULT D2DRender::CreateDeviceResources(HWND hWnd){	//create render target (hwnd window)	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);	hr = pD2DFactory->CreateHwndRenderTarget( RenderTargetProperties(), HwndRenderTargetProperties(hWnd, SizeU(rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top)), &pRenderTarget);	//create brush	hr = pRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(ColorF(ColorF::Blue), &pBlackBrush);	return hr;}void D2DRender::OnRender(){	pRenderTarget->BeginDraw();	//clear screen	pRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White));	//draw line with 2 points	D2D1_POINT_2F ptStart = Point2F(0,0);	D2D1_POINT_2F ptEnd = Point2F(100,100);	pRenderTarget->DrawLine(ptStart,ptEnd,pBlackBrush);		//draw rectangle	D2D1_RECT_F rect  = RectF(rc.left + 100.0f, rc.top + 100.0f, rc.right - 100.0f, rc.bottom - 100.0f);	pRenderTarget->DrawRectangle(rect, pBlackBrush);	//draw round rect	D2D1_ROUNDED_RECT roundrect  = RoundedRect(RectF(rc.left + 100.0f, rc.top + 100.0f, rc.right - 100.0f, rc.bottom - 100.0f), 30.0f, 50.0f);	pRenderTarget->DrawRoundedRectangle(roundrect, pBlackBrush, 1.0f);	pRenderTarget->EndDraw();}

然后在WM_PANIT里调用，默认生成的gdi绘制用到的hdc相关代码可以删掉。

case WM_PAINT:		//hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);		D2DRender pRender;		pRender.CreateDeviceIndependentResources();		pRender.CreateDeviceResources(hWnd);		pRender.OnRender();		//EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);		break;

还是比较简单。

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